From the FDA Drug Label
The underlying mechanism is unknown, but may be related to the estrogen-like effect of tamoxifen. Most uterine malignancies seen in association with tamoxifen are classified as adenocarcinoma of the endometrium However, rare uterine sarcomas, including malignant mixed mullerian tumors (MMMT), have also been reported.
The types of cancer that can metastasize to the uterus are not directly stated in the provided text, but it does mention that breast cancer patients with bone metastases are at risk of hypercalcemia when treated with tamoxifen. Additionally, it reports an increased incidence of endometrial cancer and uterine sarcomas, including malignant mixed mullerian tumors (MMMT), in association with tamoxifen treatment 1.
- Endometrial cancer
- Uterine sarcomas
- Malignant mixed mullerian tumors (MMMT) are the types of cancer mentioned in relation to the uterus.
From the Research
Metastatic cancer to the uterus is relatively uncommon, but several types of cancer can spread to this organ, including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, and lymphoma, with breast cancer being particularly notable, especially lobular carcinoma, which has a predilection for gynecologic organs 2.
Types of Cancer that Metastasize to the Uterus
- Breast cancer
- Colorectal cancer
- Gastric cancer
- Pancreatic cancer
- Melanoma
- Lymphoma
- Ovarian cancer, which can directly extend to the uterus due to its proximity The mechanism of metastasis typically occurs through lymphatic or hematogenous spread, or by direct extension from adjacent pelvic organs.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis requires careful pathological examination, as metastatic lesions must be distinguished from primary uterine malignancies, with immunohistochemical staining being particularly helpful in identifying the origin of metastatic cells 2. Treatment typically focuses on managing the primary cancer rather than specifically targeting the uterine metastasis, though surgical intervention may sometimes be necessary for symptom control 3. In terms of chemotherapy, carboplatin plus paclitaxel weekly dose-dense chemotherapy has been shown to be effective for high-grade ovarian cancer, with improved progression-free survival compared to standard 3-weekly chemotherapy 4. Additionally, lobaplatin has demonstrated higher efficacy in controlling disease progression and less toxicity, resulting in better patient quality of life compared to carboplatin 5. Overall, the management of metastatic cancer to the uterus requires a comprehensive approach, taking into account the type of primary cancer, the extent of metastasis, and the patient's overall health and quality of life.