From the Research
Baclofen is not typically associated with causing gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding as a common side effect. While baclofen, a muscle relaxant commonly used to treat muscle spasticity, can cause various gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and constipation, it does not directly damage the gastrointestinal mucosa or increase bleeding risk in the way that medications like NSAIDs or anticoagulants do 1. Baclofen works primarily by activating GABA-B receptors in the spinal cord to reduce muscle tone and does not have significant effects on platelet function, gastric acid production, or mucosal integrity that would predispose to bleeding. However, patients with a history of peptic ulcer disease or other GI conditions should still use caution and inform their healthcare provider about their medical history before starting baclofen. If a patient on baclofen experiences symptoms of GI bleeding such as black tarry stools, vomiting blood, or abdominal pain, they should seek immediate medical attention, as the bleeding is likely due to another cause rather than the baclofen itself. Some studies have investigated the use of baclofen in treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), showing its potential in reducing transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations and reflux episodes 2, 3, but these do not indicate an increased risk of GI bleeding. In fact, the most recent and relevant studies on baclofen's effects on the gastrointestinal system do not mention an association with GI bleeding 4. Therefore, based on the current evidence, baclofen is not considered a common cause of GI bleeding, and its use should be weighed against its benefits in managing muscle spasticity or other approved indications.