Differential Diagnosis for Testicular Pain in a Non-Sexually Active Male
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Epididymitis: This is an inflammation of the epididymis, a tube at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm. It is a common cause of testicular pain and can occur in non-sexually active males due to bacterial infections such as E. coli, often related to urinary tract infections.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Testicular torsion: Although more common in sexually active males, testicular torsion can occur in anyone. It is a condition where the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off the blood supply to the testicle. It's a medical emergency.
- Orchitis: Inflammation of one or both testicles, usually caused by bacterial or viral infections. It can be a cause of testicular pain in non-sexually active males, especially if related to viral infections like mumps.
- Varicocele: An enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins. It can cause testicular pain and is more common on the left side.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Testicular cancer: Although rare, testicular cancer can present with testicular pain. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment, making it a diagnosis that should not be missed.
- Appendicitis: In some cases, appendicitis can refer pain to the testicles, especially if the appendix is located near the testicles (retrocecal appendix).
- Kidney stones: Pain from kidney stones can radiate to the groin and testicles, especially if the stone is moving down the ureter.
Rare Diagnoses
- Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP): A form of vasculitis that affects blood vessels and can cause testicular pain among other symptoms like purpura, joint pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms.
- Spermatocele: A cystic structure filled with sperm that arises from the head of the epididymis. It can cause testicular pain, though it's more commonly asymptomatic.
- Cystic dysplasia of the testis: A rare congenital anomaly that can cause testicular pain and swelling.