From the Guidelines
Nasal or intranasal mask interfaces should be used over oronasal or oral interfaces for the routine initiation of PAP therapy in adults with OSA, as they have been shown to improve adherence and reduce side effects. When selecting CPAP supplies and accessories, it is essential to consider the patient's specific needs, facial structure, breathing patterns, and comfort preferences 1. The most critical component is the mask, which comes in different types, including nasal masks, nasal pillow masks, and full-face masks.
Key Considerations for Mask Selection
- Nasal masks are generally recommended for first-time users and those who breathe through their nose, while full-face masks are better for mouth breathers or those with nasal congestion.
- Mask fitting should be done professionally to ensure proper seal without excessive pressure that could cause skin irritation.
- Beyond the mask, patients need appropriate tubing (standard or heated to prevent condensation), filters (replaced regularly to maintain air quality), humidifiers (especially in dry climates or for patients experiencing nasal dryness), and cleaning supplies.
Additional Factors to Consider
- Headgear stability and comfort are essential for compliance, with various strap designs available to accommodate different head shapes and sleeping positions.
- Regular assessment of equipment fit and condition is necessary, with mask cushions typically needing replacement every 3-6 months and complete mask systems every 6-12 months.
- Insurance coverage often dictates replacement schedules, generally covering new masks every 3 months and new machines every 5 years, though this varies by provider 1.
It is crucial to prioritize the patient's comfort and adherence to CPAP therapy, as this can significantly impact their quality of life and treatment outcomes 1. By selecting the most appropriate mask and accessories, healthcare providers can help patients with OSA achieve better sleep quality and overall health.
From the Research
Guidelines for Selecting CPAP Supplies and Accessories
To choose the appropriate CPAP supplies and accessories for a patient, including the type of mask to use, several factors must be considered:
- Patient comfort and preference: The mask should be comfortable and suitable for the patient's face shape and size 2.
- Type of sleep apnea: The severity and type of sleep apnea can influence the choice of CPAP device and mask.
- Nasal congestion: If the patient has nasal congestion, a full-face mask may be more suitable.
- Mouth breathing: If the patient breathes through their mouth, a full-face mask or a chin strap to keep the mouth closed may be necessary.
Mask Types
The main types of masks used for CPAP therapy are:
- Nasal masks: These masks cover only the nose and are suitable for patients who breathe through their nose.
- Full-face masks: These masks cover both the nose and mouth and are suitable for patients who breathe through their mouth or have nasal congestion.
- Nasal pillow masks: These masks have small pillows that fit into the nostrils and are suitable for patients who prefer a minimal contact mask.
Assessment and Planning
The selection of CPAP supplies and accessories should be based on a thorough assessment of the patient's needs, as emphasized in the Nursing and Midwifery Council's 2018 Future Nurse proficiency standards 2. This assessment should include the patient's medical history, sleep patterns, and personal preferences. The care plan should be tailored to the individual patient's needs and should be regularly reviewed and updated as necessary.