What is a native valve and what is a prosthetic valve?

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Last updated: October 25, 2026 • View editorial policy

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Definisi Native Valve dan Prosthetic Valve

Native valve adalah katup jantung asli yang terbentuk secara alami sejak lahir tanpa intervensi bedah atau perkutan, sedangkan prosthetic valve adalah katup jantung buatan yang dipasang untuk menggantikan katup yang rusak atau sakit 1.

Native Valve (Katup Asli)

Native valve merupakan katup jantung bawaan yang dapat berada dalam beberapa kondisi 1:

  • Native tanpa intervensi: Katup asli yang tidak pernah menjalani prosedur bedah atau perkutan
  • Native dengan intervensi: Katup asli yang telah menjalani prosedur tetapi struktur dasarnya masih merupakan jaringan asli pasien, termasuk:
    • Valvuloplasti balon atau bedah tanpa perangkat yang tersisa
    • Valvuloplasti dengan ring atau band
    • Perbaikan edge-to-edge (Alfieri stitch atau clip perkutan)

Katup asli memiliki fungsi hemodinamik yang superior dibandingkan katup prostetik dan tidak memerlukan antikoagulasi jangka panjang 2. Namun, ketika katup asli mengalami penyakit berat seperti stenosis atau regurgitasi yang menyebabkan gagal jantung, pembedahan untuk penggantian katup diindikasikan 3.

Prosthetic Valve (Katup Prostetik)

Prosthetic valve adalah katup buatan yang dipasang untuk menggantikan katup yang rusak. Terdapat beberapa jenis 1:

Berdasarkan Material:

  • Prostetik mekanik: Terbuat dari bahan non-biologis (seperti titanium alloy dan pyrolytic carbon), memiliki durabilitas >20 tahun tetapi memerlukan antikoagulasi seumur hidup 2, 4
  • Prostetik bioprotesis: Terbuat dari bahan biologis, memiliki risiko trombosis lebih rendah tetapi durabilitas terbatas (~45% gagal pada 10 tahun) 2
  • Prostetik transcatheter: Katup yang dipasang secara perkutan
  • Allograft: Terbuat dari jaringan biologis manusia
  • Autograft: Terbuat dari jaringan pasien sendiri

Perbedaan Klinis Penting:

Hemodinamik: Katup prostetik secara inheren lebih obstruktif dibandingkan katup asli, dan fungsi normal bergantung pada jenis dan ukuran prosthesis 5.

Komplikasi: Katup prostetik memiliki tingkat komplikasi serius sekitar 2-3% per tahun pasien, termasuk tromboemboli, disfungsi struktural, endokarditis, dan hemolisis 6. Prosthetic valve endocarditis hampir selalu memerlukan pembedahan, terutama jika disebabkan oleh S. aureus atau jamur 3.

Evaluasi: Penilaian fungsi katup prostetik memerlukan pengetahuan tentang jenis, ukuran, dan tanggal implantasi yang tepat, serta pendekatan integratif menggunakan ekokardiografi 2D, 3D, dan Doppler 5. TEE diperlukan untuk evaluasi katup mitral prostetik karena TTE tidak adekuat 7.

Antikoagulasi: Pasien dengan katup prostetik yang mengalami endokarditis harus menghentikan warfarin dan diganti dengan heparin untuk memfasilitasi kemungkinan pembedahan darurat 3.

References

Research

Selection of prosthetic heart valves.

Current treatment options in cardiovascular medicine, 2006

Research

Prosthetic heart valves in the aortic position: engineering aspects.

Journal of medical engineering & technology, 2026

Research

Complications of prosthetic heart valves.

Current cardiology reports, 2004

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This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.