What is 3M (Three M) syndrome?

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Last updated: June 13, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

3M syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by short stature and recognizable facial and musculoskeletal features, caused by pathogenic variants in the CUL7, OBSL1, and CCDC8 genes, as reported in the most recent study 1.

Key Characteristics of 3M Syndrome

  • Short stature
  • Recognizable facial features, including a triangular face, prominent forehead, and pointed chin
  • Musculoskeletal features, such as prominent heels and skeletal abnormalities
  • Normal intelligence and development

Causes and Inheritance

  • Caused by mutations in the CUL7, OBSL1, or CCDC8 genes
  • Follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, meaning both parents must carry a copy of the mutated gene for a child to be affected

Management and Treatment

  • No specific cure for 3M syndrome
  • Treatment focuses on managing symptoms through:
    • Growth hormone therapy, although its effectiveness varies 2
    • Regular monitoring of growth and development
    • Addressing any orthopedic issues that may arise
  • Genetic counseling is important for affected families
  • Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary care from specialists in genetics, endocrinology, and orthopedics are essential for optimal management of this condition

Recent Findings

  • A recent study 1 reported on 11 new patients with 3M syndrome, identifying five novel pathogenic variants and expanding the genetic landscape of the syndrome
  • Another study 2 found that initiating growth hormone therapy in the prepubertal period provided better outcomes than after puberty, although the response to GH therapy decreased over time.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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