From the Research
Methamphetamine use is associated with an increased risk of leukocytosis, as evidenced by a study published in 2014, which found that amphetamines-positive patients had a significantly higher mean white blood cell count compared to controls 1. This effect is commonly observed in both acute and chronic methamphetamine users, with white blood cell counts sometimes reaching levels of 12,000-25,000 cells per microliter or higher, compared to the normal range of approximately 4,500-11,000 cells per microliter. The mechanism behind this elevation involves methamphetamine's stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, which triggers the release of catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine. These stress hormones can cause demargination of white blood cells that are normally adhered to blood vessel walls, releasing them into circulation and increasing their measurable count. Additionally, methamphetamine can trigger an inflammatory response in the body, further contributing to leukocytosis. This elevation in white blood cell count can sometimes confound medical diagnosis, as leukocytosis typically suggests infection or inflammation. Healthcare providers should consider methamphetamine use as a potential cause when encountering unexplained leukocytosis, especially in patients with signs of stimulant use or those with a known history of substance use. Some studies have also shown that methamphetamine use can modify leukocyte proliferation and cytokine production in murine tissues, which may contribute to the higher rate and more rapid progression of certain infections in drug abusers 2. However, the most recent and highest quality study on this topic is the 2014 study published in TheScientificWorldJournal, which provides strong evidence for the association between methamphetamine use and leukocytosis 1. It is essential to note that other causes of leukocytosis, especially infection, must be carefully excluded before attributing the condition to methamphetamine use, as suggested by an earlier study published in 1983 3. In clinical practice, it is crucial to consider the potential effects of methamphetamine on the immune system and to monitor patients for signs of infection or inflammation, as well as to provide appropriate treatment and support to mitigate these risks. Overall, the evidence suggests that methamphetamine use is a significant risk factor for leukocytosis, and healthcare providers should be aware of this association when evaluating patients with unexplained elevations in white blood cell count.