Pneumonia: This is a common condition that can cause both cough and rib pain, especially if the pneumonia is localized to the right lung. The pain is often pleuritic, meaning it worsens with deep breathing or coughing.

Pleurisy: Inflammation of the pleura, the two-layered membrane surrounding the lungs, can cause sharp chest pain that worsens with breathing or coughing. It can be caused by viral or bacterial infections.
Bronchitis: Inflammation of the bronchial tubes can lead to cough and, if severe, can cause chest discomfort or pain, especially if the cough is violent.
Musculoskeletal Strain: Coughing can lead to strain on the chest muscles or ribs, causing pain.

Pulmonary Embolism: Although less common, a pulmonary embolism (a blood clot in the lungs) can cause sudden onset of chest pain and cough. It is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.
Pneumothorax: A collapsed lung can cause sudden chest pain and cough. It is more common in tall, thin males or those with underlying lung disease.
Lung Cancer: Though less likely in the absence of other symptoms like weight loss or hemoptysis, lung cancer can cause persistent cough and chest pain, especially if the tumor involves the pleura or chest wall.

Tuberculosis: Can cause chronic cough and chest pain, especially if it involves the pleura.
Sarcoidosis: An autoimmune disease that can affect the lungs, causing cough, chest pain, and other symptoms.
Costochondritis (Tietze's Syndrome): Inflammation of the cartilage that connects the ribs to the breastbone, which can cause chest pain that might be mistaken for rib pain.