Differential Diagnosis for Recent Travel to Mexico with Nausea, Vomiting, and Diarrhea

• Single Most Likely Diagnosis
  • Traveler's Diarrhea: This is the most common illness affecting travelers to Mexico, often caused by bacteria such as E. coli, Salmonella, or Shigella, and sometimes by viruses or parasites. The symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are classic for this condition.
• Other Likely Diagnoses
  • Viral Gastroenteritis: Viruses like norovirus or rotavirus can cause similar symptoms and are common in travelers.
  • Food Poisoning: Consuming contaminated food can lead to symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, and is a common issue in travelers who may not be accustomed to the local food handling practices.
  • Parasitic Infections: Infections such as giardiasis can occur from contaminated water or food and cause gastrointestinal symptoms.
• Do Not Miss Diagnoses
  • Cholera: Although less common, cholera is a potentially life-threatening condition that can cause severe diarrhea and dehydration. It's crucial to consider in travelers to areas where cholera outbreaks have occurred.
  • Botulism: Foodborne botulism can cause gastrointestinal symptoms along with neurological signs like blurred vision and difficulty swallowing. It's rare but can be fatal if not treated promptly.
  • Typhoid Fever: Caused by Salmonella Typhi, this infection can present with fever, headache, and gastrointestinal symptoms. It's a significant concern in travelers to areas with poor sanitation.
• Rare Diagnoses
  • Cyclosporiasis: An intestinal infection caused by the Cyclospora parasite, which can lead to prolonged diarrhea.
  • Brucellosis: A zoonotic infection that can be acquired through contact with infected animals or their products, leading to a range of symptoms including gastrointestinal ones.
  • Amoebic Dysentery: Caused by Entamoeba histolytica, this infection can result in bloody diarrhea and is more common in travelers who have consumed contaminated food or water.