From the Guidelines
Doxycycline should be used in the treatment of moderate to severe inflammatory rosacea, particularly when patients have numerous papules and pustules that haven't responded adequately to topical treatments alone, at a dose of 40 mg once daily, which utilizes the drug's anti-inflammatory properties without contributing to antibiotic resistance. This recommendation is based on the most recent and highest quality study, which demonstrated the efficacy and safety of once-daily doxycycline 40 mg in reducing inflammatory lesions in patients with moderate-to-severe rosacea 1. The study found that doxycycline led to significant improvements in lesion reduction, with a mean reduction of 11.8 and 9.5 in two phase 3 trials, compared to reductions of 5.9 and 4.3 in placebo-treated subjects.
Key Considerations
- The typical regimen includes doxycycline 40 mg once daily, which is as effective as higher doses for moderate-to-severe rosacea 1.
- Treatment duration usually ranges from 8-12 weeks initially, with reassessment for improvement, though some patients may require longer courses or maintenance therapy 1.
- Patients should take doxycycline with a full glass of water, either 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals, and remain upright for 30 minutes after taking it to prevent esophageal irritation.
- Sun protection is essential as doxycycline causes photosensitivity.
- Doxycycline works in rosacea primarily through anti-inflammatory mechanisms rather than antimicrobial effects, inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases and reducing inflammatory cytokines that contribute to the papules and pustules of rosacea 1.
Important Safety Considerations
- Doxycycline should be avoided in pregnancy, children under 8, and in patients with significant liver disease.
- The long-term efficacy and safety of modified-release doxycycline as monotherapy was demonstrated in a two-part study, which found that once-daily doxycycline maintenance therapy enhanced long-term rosacea control without serious adverse events or treatment-associated events 1.
From the Research
When to Use Doxycycline in Rosacea
Doxycycline is an antibiotic that can be used in the treatment of rosacea, particularly for its anti-inflammatory properties. The decision to use doxycycline should be based on the severity of the rosacea and the patient's response to other treatments.
Indications for Doxycycline Use
- For mild cases of rosacea, subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) may be effective due to its anti-inflammatory properties 2.
- For moderate to severe cases of rosacea, higher (antimicrobial) doses of doxycycline may be more suitable 2.
- Doxycycline can be used as an alternative to other systemic therapies, such as azithromycin or metronidazole, in cases where these treatments are not effective or are contraindicated 3.
- Doxycycline can be used in combination with topical metronidazole for the treatment of rosacea, with studies showing that this combination is effective in decreasing inflammatory lesions and erythema 4, 5.
Dosage and Administration
- The typical dose of doxycycline for rosacea is 40-100 mg daily for 3-6 months 3.
- Subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) can be administered at a dose of 20 mg twice daily or 40 mg once daily 4, 5.
- Doxycycline can be administered as a modified-release capsule, which can help to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects 5, 6.
Efficacy and Safety
- Studies have shown that doxycycline is effective in reducing the symptoms of rosacea, including inflammatory lesions and erythema 2, 4, 5, 6.
- Doxycycline has been shown to be well-tolerated, with most adverse events being mild or moderate in severity 5, 6.
- Long-term use of subantimicrobial dose doxycycline has been shown to be effective in reducing the relapse rate and inflammatory lesion counts in patients with moderate to severe inflammatory rosacea 5.