From the Guidelines
The most common location of central nervous system tumors in children between 1 and 10 years of age is the posterior fossa, specifically the cerebellum. In this pediatric age group, infratentorial tumors (those occurring below the tentorium cerebelli in the posterior fossa) predominate, accounting for approximately 60-70% of all childhood CNS tumors 1. The most frequent specific tumor types found in this location include medulloblastomas, cerebellar astrocytomas, and ependymomas. This distribution differs significantly from adults, where supratentorial tumors are more common. The predominance of posterior fossa tumors in children is related to developmental factors, as the cerebellum continues significant growth and cellular differentiation throughout early childhood, making these rapidly dividing cells more susceptible to neoplastic transformation. Children with posterior fossa tumors typically present with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (headache, vomiting, lethargy) and cerebellar dysfunction (ataxia, coordination problems, and nystagmus) due to the tumor's location near critical structures controlling balance and coordination.
Some key points to consider when evaluating CNS tumors in children include:
- The age of the child, as certain tumor types are more common in specific age ranges 1
- The location of the tumor, as posterior fossa tumors are more common in children than supratentorial tumors 1
- The molecular subtype of the tumor, as certain subtypes have a better prognosis than others 1
- The symptoms presented by the child, as these can vary depending on the location and type of tumor.
It's worth noting that the treatment and prognosis of CNS tumors in children can vary significantly depending on the specific type and location of the tumor, as well as the age and overall health of the child. Therefore, it's essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment.
From the Research
Central Nervous System Tumors in Children
The most likely site of a central nervous system (CNS) tumor in children between 1 and 10 years of age is the posterior fossa. This region includes the cerebellum, brainstem, and fourth ventricle.
Location of CNS Tumors
- The posterior fossa is the primary site for 60% to 70% of CNS tumors in children, including astrocytomas, medulloblastomas, and ependymomas 2.
- The cerebellum along with the fourth ventricle is the most common location, accounting for 61.5% of posterior fossa tumors 3.
- Other common locations include the cerebellar hemispheres (27.5%) and brainstem (7.5%) 3.
Types of CNS Tumors
- Astrocytic tumors, predominantly pilocytic astrocytomas, are the most common type of CNS tumor in children, accounting for 41.5% of posterior fossa tumors 3.
- Embryonal tumors, including medulloblastomas, account for 34.5% of posterior fossa tumors 3.
- Ependymal tumors and mixed neuronal-glial tumors are also common, accounting for 13% and 5.5% of posterior fossa tumors, respectively 3.