Which muscles are associated with scapular (shoulder blade) pain?

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Last updated: February 7, 2025 • View editorial policy

There are no official guidelines to assist in answering this question. I will search for relevant research papers instead.

From the Research

Muscles Associated with Scapular Pain

The muscles associated with scapular pain include:

  • Upper, middle, and lower trapezius 1
  • Rhomboid major and minor 1
  • Serratus anterior 1, 2, 3
  • Levator scapulae 1, 2, 4
  • Pectoralis minor 1, 4

Muscle Dysfunction and Scapular Pain

Muscle dysfunction, such as:

  • Overactivity of the pectoralis minor 1
  • Underactivity or paralysis of the serratus anterior or trapezius muscles 1
  • Dyskinesis resulting from compensatory mechanisms in patients with recurrent glenohumeral instability due to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 1 can lead to scapular pain and abnormal scapular motion.

Scapular Muscle Stiffness and Pain

Studies have shown that scapular muscle stiffness, particularly in the middle and lower trapezius, is associated with chronic shoulder pain 2. Additionally, increased stiffness in the middle trapezius has been observed in individuals with pain in the non-dominant side 2.

Scapular Stabilization Exercises and Pain Relief

Scapular stabilization exercises have been shown to improve treatment effectiveness on shoulder pain, scapular dyskinesis, muscle strength, and function in patients with subacromial pain syndrome 5. These exercises can help alleviate scapular pain and improve overall shoulder function.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.