From the Research
Kratom is a psychoactive plant native to Southeastern Asia with potential therapeutic effects, but its use also carries significant risks, including addiction, withdrawal symptoms, and potential side effects. Kratom, also known as Mitragyna speciosa, contains compounds that interact with opioid receptors in the brain, producing sedation, pleasure, and decreased pain when taken in high doses, while smaller amounts typically cause stimulant effects 1. The active ingredients in kratom, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, have been found to have analgesic, muscle relaxant, and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as strong anorectic effects 2. Kratom is consumed in various forms, including capsules, tablets, gum, tinctures, or as dried/crushed leaves that can be smoked, chewed, or brewed into tea. People use kratom for pain relief, opioid withdrawal symptoms, and recreational purposes, typically at doses ranging from 1-15 grams depending on desired effects. However, kratom is not approved by the FDA for any medical use, and its legal status varies by location, with some countries and U.S. states banning it while others permit its use 3.
Some of the key benefits of kratom include its potential as a harm reduction tool, particularly as a substitute for opioids among people who are addicted, as well as its ability to enhance mood and relieve anxiety among many users 4. However, kratom use is also associated with medical toxicity and death, and daily, high-dose use may result in kratom use disorder and opioid-like withdrawal on cessation of use 3. The treatment of kratom use disorder and opioid-like withdrawal is best done with buprenorphine, according to recent studies 3.
It is essential to note that the lack of regulation and scientific evidence specific to the therapeutic and adverse effects of kratom is concerning, particularly in pregnancy and on the fetus-newborn 1. Significant illness and associated deaths have been reported with kratom use, and the lack of disclosure by people using kratom and limited laboratory testing options are major challenges for healthcare providers and public health 1.
In terms of dosage, the effects of kratom can vary greatly depending on the amount consumed, with smaller amounts typically causing stimulant effects and larger amounts producing sedation and pain relief 5. The typical dose range for kratom is between 1-15 grams, depending on the desired effects. However, it is crucial to prioritize caution when using kratom, given its potential risks and lack of FDA approval for medical use.
Overall, while kratom may have potential therapeutic effects, its use carries significant risks, and healthcare providers should be aware of its availability, user habits, and health effects to provide informed care and guidance to patients. The most recent and highest quality study suggests that kratom use disorder and opioid-like withdrawal are best treated with buprenorphine 3.