Differential Diagnosis for Red and Swollen Hand
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Cellulitis: This is the most common cause of a red and swollen hand, typically resulting from a bacterial infection. It presents with redness, swelling, warmth, and pain, often following a break in the skin.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Insect Bite or Sting: An allergic reaction to an insect bite or sting can cause localized redness and swelling.
- Contact Dermatitis: Irritant or allergic contact dermatitis can lead to redness and swelling of the hand after exposure to certain substances.
- Trauma: Injury to the hand, such as a bruise or a burn, can also present with redness and swelling.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Necrotizing Fasciitis: A severe and potentially life-threatening infection that requires immediate medical attention. It presents with severe pain, redness, and swelling, often with a history of trauma.
- Septic Arthritis: A bacterial infection of a joint, which can cause redness, swelling, and pain. It is a medical emergency, especially if not treated promptly.
- Compartment Syndrome: Increased pressure within a muscle compartment can lead to severe pain, swelling, and redness. It is an emergency that requires immediate intervention to prevent permanent damage.
Rare Diagnoses
- Erythromelalgia: A rare disorder characterized by burning pain, redness, and heat in the hands and feet.
- Kawasaki Disease: A rare condition that mainly affects children, causing inflammation in the walls of medium-sized arteries throughout the body, and can present with redness and swelling of the hands.
- Scleroderma: A chronic autoimmune disease that can cause thickening and hardening of the skin, leading to redness and swelling, particularly in the hands.