Differential Diagnosis for a 14-Year-Old Losing a Lot of Hair
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Telogen Effluvium: This condition is characterized by a significant increase in hair shedding, often triggered by stress, hormonal changes, or nutritional deficiencies. It's common during adolescence due to the fluctuating hormone levels and can be exacerbated by stress, making it a likely diagnosis for a 14-year-old.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Androgenetic Alopecia: Although more common in adults, early onset androgenetic alopecia can occur in teenagers, especially with a family history. It's characterized by patterned hair loss.
- Alopecia Areata: An autoimmune condition leading to patchy hair loss. It can occur at any age and may be triggered by stress or other autoimmune conditions.
- Traction Alopecia: Caused by constant pulling on the hair, such as from tight hairstyles (e.g., braids, ponytails). This is common in teenagers, especially girls, who frequently wear their hair in styles that can lead to hair loss.
- Nutritional Deficiencies: Deficiencies in vitamins like biotin, vitamin D, or minerals such as zinc and iron can lead to hair loss. Adolescents, especially those with poor diets or certain dietary restrictions, are at risk.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Thyroid Disorders: Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can cause hair loss. These conditions require medical intervention and can have significant health implications if left untreated.
- Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis can cause hair loss among other symptoms. Early diagnosis is crucial for managing these diseases.
- Cancer and its Treatment: Although rare, hair loss can be a symptom of certain cancers or a side effect of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Rare Diagnoses
- Trichotillomania: A psychological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to pull out one's own hair, leading to noticeable hair loss.
- Congenital Hair Loss Conditions: Such as congenital alopecia or conditions affecting hair growth from birth, though these would typically be identified earlier in life.
- Infections: Certain fungal or bacterial infections of the scalp can lead to hair loss, though these are less common and usually accompanied by other symptoms like itching, redness, or pus.