From the Guidelines
A fasting blood sugar level of 139 mg/dL is not considered normal. This value falls into the prediabetic range, which is between 100-125 mg/dL, and is approaching the diabetic threshold of 126 mg/dL or higher, as indicated by the American Diabetes Association criteria 1. You should consult with a healthcare provider about this result as soon as possible. They may recommend lifestyle modifications including:
- Dietary changes (reducing simple carbohydrates and sugars)
- Regular physical activity (aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise weekly)
- Weight loss if appropriate Your doctor might also suggest follow-up testing such as an A1C test to determine your average blood sugar over the past 2-3 months. This elevated blood sugar level indicates that your body is having difficulty regulating glucose properly, likely due to developing insulin resistance where your cells don't respond effectively to insulin. Without intervention, prediabetes often progresses to type 2 diabetes within a few years, so taking action now is important for preventing complications, as supported by recent guidelines 1.
The most recent and highest quality study, published in 2021, emphasizes the importance of early detection and intervention for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, highlighting the need for screening and preventive measures to reduce the risk of progression to diabetes and its associated complications 1. Therefore, it is crucial to take proactive steps to manage your blood sugar levels and prevent the development of type 2 diabetes.
From the Research
Fasting Blood Sugar Level of 139 mg/dL
- A fasting blood sugar level of 139 mg/dL is considered impaired fasting glucose, which is above the normal range but below the level that is diagnostic for diabetes 2.
- According to the American Diabetes Association, a normal fasting blood sugar level is less than 100 mg/dL, while impaired fasting glucose is defined as a level between 100 and 125 mg/dL 2, 3.
- A level of 139 mg/dL is above this range, indicating that it is not considered normal.
Comparison to Normal and Diagnostic Ranges
- Normal fasting plasma glucose level: less than 100 mg/dL 4
- Impaired fasting glucose: 100-125 mg/dL 2
- Diagnostic range for diabetes: 126 mg/dL or higher 2
- A level of 139 mg/dL falls above the impaired fasting glucose range and into the diagnostic range for diabetes.
Health Implications
- Individuals with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance have a significant risk of developing diabetes and are an important target group for primary prevention 2.
- Higher fasting plasma glucose levels within the normoglycemic range constitute an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes among young men 4.
- Fasting plasma glucose levels within the high normal range predict cardiovascular outcome 5.