From the Guidelines
There is no specific medication to treat norovirus infection, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing dehydration through adequate fluid intake. The primary goal is to replace lost fluids and electrolytes, which can be achieved by drinking plenty of water, clear broths, or oral rehydration solutions like Pedialyte 1. Adults can take over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or acetaminophen (Tylenol) for fever and body aches, following package dosing instructions. However, it is essential to note that anti-diarrheal medications like loperamide (Imodium) may provide relief but should be avoided if you have high fever or bloody stools.
Key Considerations for Norovirus Treatment
- Rest is important for recovery, as most people recover from norovirus within 1-3 days without medical intervention 1.
- The virus is highly contagious, so it is crucial to wash hands frequently with soap and water, disinfect contaminated surfaces with bleach-based cleaners, and avoid preparing food for others while sick and for at least 48 hours after symptoms resolve 1.
- Proper hand washing with soap and running water for at least 20 seconds is the most effective way to reduce norovirus contamination on the hands, whereas hand sanitizers might serve as an effective adjunct in between proper handwashings but should not be considered a substitute for soap and water handwashing 1.
When to Seek Medical Attention
- Seek medical attention if you experience severe dehydration (extreme thirst, dry mouth, decreased urination), bloody stools, or symptoms lasting longer than three days 1.
- It is also essential to seek medical attention if you are at a higher risk of complications, such as young children, elderly persons, and hospitalized patients 1.
From the Research
Norovirus Treatment Overview
- Norovirus treatment is primarily focused on managing symptoms, particularly dehydration, and maintaining fluid status and nutrition 2.
- For most people, norovirus illness is self-resolving, but severe outcomes can occur, especially in immunocompromised individuals and in developing countries 2.
Medications and Therapies
- Ondansetron, a serotonin receptor antagonist, has been studied for its potential to reduce vomiting and diarrhea in children with acute gastroenteritis, including those caused by norovirus 3.
- Other treatment strategies, such as nitazoxanide, ribavirin, and enterally administered immunoglobulin, have been suggested for immunocompromised patients, but results are varying and more research is needed 4.
- Antiviral therapies are being developed and researched, with potential applications for immunocompromised individuals and in outbreak settings 5.
Prevention and Control
- Prevention and control of norovirus infections rely on sound infection control principles, including hand hygiene, limiting exposure to infectious individuals, and thorough environmental decontamination 6.
- Vaccines are currently under development and may provide a targeted intervention for norovirus infection control in the future 2, 6.