From the Guidelines
Testing and treating black mold exposure involves a multi-step process beginning with identifying symptoms and confirming exposure, and the most critical step is removing the source of mold through professional remediation to prevent continued exposure. If you suspect black mold exposure, consult a healthcare provider who may order blood tests to check for antibodies to specific molds, pulmonary function tests to assess lung capacity, or imaging studies like chest X-rays 1. Environmental testing of your home by a qualified inspector, such as an industrial hygienist or indoor environmental quality consultant, can confirm the presence of Stachybotrys chartarum (black mold) 1.
Key Steps in Testing and Treating Black Mold Exposure
- Identifying symptoms and confirming exposure through medical evaluation and environmental testing
- Removing the source of mold through professional remediation to prevent continued exposure
- Using air purifiers with HEPA filters to reduce airborne mold spores during and after remediation
- Managing symptoms with medications such as antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, and bronchodilators as prescribed by a healthcare provider
Treatment typically focuses on symptom management and may include antihistamines like cetirizine (10mg daily) or loratadine (10mg daily) for allergic reactions, nasal corticosteroids such as fluticasone (1-2 sprays per nostril daily) for nasal congestion, and bronchodilators like albuterol for respiratory symptoms 1. For severe reactions, oral corticosteroids like prednisone (typically 20-40mg daily with tapering) might be prescribed. Immunocompromised individuals may require antifungal medications.
Importance of Professional Remediation
- Professional remediation is necessary to remove the source of mold and prevent continued exposure
- The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the CDC offer practical guidelines for mold control and cleanup in the home setting 1
- Individuals can usually clean up mold-contaminated areas less than 10 ft2, but larger areas or those involving the HVAC system require professional remediation 1
From the Research
Black Mold Testing and Treatment
The process for testing and treating black mold exposure involves several steps:
- Identifying and eliminating the source of moisture that supports mold growth 2
- Remediation of mold colonization after the source of moisture has been eliminated 2
- Evaluation of patients and the environment to determine the extent of mold exposure 3
- Testing for IgE and IgG antibodies against mold-derived antigens to confirm exposure and diagnose hypersensitivity symptoms 4
Health Effects of Black Mold Exposure
Black mold exposure can cause a range of health effects, including:
- Allergic reactions, such as rhinitis and asthma 2, 3, 5
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis and other immune-mediated diseases 3, 6
- Infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals 2, 6
- Irritation and other non-IgE-mediated symptoms, such as headache and fatigue 5
Diagnostic Tools and Treatment
Diagnostic tools for mold-associated health problems include:
- Immunofluorometric IgG and IgE assays (UniCAP) to examine serum IgG and IgE antibodies against mold-derived allergens 4
- Skin prick/puncture tests and intracutaneous tests to diagnose allergic reactions 5
- Treatment with anti-fungal agents for fungal infections 6
- Remediation of mold colonization and elimination of the source of moisture to prevent further exposure 2