From the Research
Squamous cell lung cancer staging by laterality is determined by the TNM system, which assesses the primary tumor (T), lymph node involvement (N), and presence of metastasis (M), with bilateral involvement typically indicating more advanced disease, such as stage IV, and poorer prognosis 1. The staging of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung by laterality is crucial in determining the extent of disease spread and guiding treatment decisions.
- The TNM system is used to stage SCC of the lung, taking into account the size and location of the primary tumor (T), lymph node involvement (N), and presence of metastasis (M) 1.
- Tumors confined to one side (ipsilateral lung) may be classified as stage I to IIIA, depending on size and local spread, while those involving the opposite side (contralateral lung) are generally classified as stage IV disease, indicating advanced cancer with poorer prognosis 1.
- Involvement of mediastinal lymph nodes on the opposite side (contralateral) is classified as N3 disease, making it at least stage IIIB, and highlighting the importance of accurate staging in treatment planning 1.
- Accurate staging is essential, as it directly influences treatment decisions, with earlier stages often amenable to surgical resection, while bilateral disease typically requires systemic therapy approaches, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or combined modality treatments 1. Key considerations in staging SCC of the lung include:
- The biological behavior of the tumor, with bilateral involvement typically indicating more extensive disease spread through either lymphatic channels or hematogenous dissemination 1.
- The importance of molecular and immune biomarker testing in guiding optimal treatment choices, particularly in advanced disease 2.
- The need for prompt and accurate diagnosis, as delayed diagnosis can impact treatment outcomes and patient prognosis 3, 4.