Differential Diagnosis for Unilateral Lymphedema of the Hand

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

• Post-surgical or post-traumatic lymphedema: This is the most common cause of unilateral lymphedema, often resulting from damage to lymphatic vessels during surgery or injury, leading to impaired lymphatic drainage.

Other Likely Diagnoses

• Infection (e.g., cellulitis, lymphangitis): Infections can cause inflammation and damage to lymphatic vessels, leading to lymphedema.
• Lymphatic malformation or aplasia: Congenital conditions where lymphatic vessels are abnormal or underdeveloped, which can cause lymphedema.
• Venous obstruction: Obstruction of venous return can lead to increased pressure in the affected limb, causing lymphedema.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

• Malignancy (e.g., lymphoma, breast cancer): Cancer can cause lymphedema by obstructing or invading lymphatic vessels. Missing this diagnosis could be fatal.
• Filariasis: A parasitic infection that can cause lymphedema, particularly in endemic areas. Although less common, it has significant implications for treatment and public health.

Rare Diagnoses

• Lymphangiomatosis: A rare condition characterized by the abnormal growth of lymphatic vessels, which can cause lymphedema.
• Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: A congenital condition that affects blood and lymph vessels, leading to lymphedema and other symptoms.
• Lipedema: A condition characterized by the abnormal growth of fat cells, which can cause swelling and lymphedema-like symptoms in the affected limb.