What are the signs and symptoms of dehydration in pregnancy?

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Dainyal Siddiqui, MD

Internal Medicine

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Manuel Jimenez, MD

Cardiology

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Franz Pierre-Louis, MD

Infectious Disease

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Last updated: June 19, 2025 • View editorial policy

From the Guidelines

Dehydration in pregnancy is a serious condition that can affect both maternal and fetal health, and its signs and symptoms include dark yellow urine, infrequent urination, dry mouth and lips, headaches, dizziness, fatigue, and feeling thirsty. Pregnant women may also experience decreased skin elasticity (skin that doesn't bounce back quickly when pinched), dry eyes, muscle cramps, particularly in the legs, and confusion or irritability in more severe cases 1. Some women might notice fewer fetal movements, which warrants immediate medical attention. Pregnant women need more water than non-pregnant individuals—about 8-12 cups (64-96 ounces) daily—because blood volume increases by up to 50% during pregnancy, and water is essential for amniotic fluid formation and placental function. Dehydration can lead to serious complications including urinary tract infections, preterm labor, and reduced amniotic fluid. To prevent dehydration, pregnant women should drink water consistently throughout the day, increase intake during hot weather or exercise, consume water-rich foods like fruits and vegetables, and limit caffeine intake. If experiencing symptoms of dehydration, increasing fluid intake is the first step, but medical attention should be sought if symptoms persist or worsen. In cases of hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), a condition characterized by intractable nausea and vomiting, dehydration is a significant concern, and evaluation involves comprehensive history taking and physical examination focused on signs of dehydration, such as orthostatic hypotension, decreased skin turgor, and dry mucus membranes 1. It is essential for pregnant women to be aware of the signs and symptoms of dehydration and to seek medical attention promptly if they experience any of these symptoms. In addition to preventing dehydration, managing nausea and vomiting is crucial, and diet and lifestyle modification are the initial steps, including reducing spicy, fatty, acidic, and fried foods, eating small, frequent, and bland meals, and avoiding specific triggers 2. Therapeutic options, such as ginger and vitamin B6, may also be recommended for persistent or severe symptoms 2.

From the Research

Signs and Symptoms of Dehydration in Pregnancy

Dehydration during pregnancy can have severe consequences for both the mother and the fetus. The following are some signs and symptoms of dehydration in pregnancy:

  • Dry mouth and throat
  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Dizziness and lightheadedness
  • Headaches
  • Dark yellow or brown urine
  • Decreased urine output
  • Constipation

Causes of Dehydration in Pregnancy

Dehydration in pregnancy can be caused by various factors, including:

  • Insufficient fluid intake
  • Morning sickness and vomiting
  • Diarrhea and vomiting
  • Fever
  • Excessive sweating

Effects of Dehydration on Pregnancy

Dehydration during pregnancy can have serious effects on the mother and the fetus, including:

  • Decreased amniotic fluid levels 3, 4
  • Low birth weight and length 5
  • Preterm labor
  • Fetal distress

Diagnosis and Treatment of Dehydration in Pregnancy

Dehydration in pregnancy can be diagnosed by:

  • Physical examination
  • Urine tests
  • Blood tests Treatment of dehydration in pregnancy typically involves:
  • Oral rehydration therapy
  • Intravenous fluids
  • Rest and relaxation
  • Dietary changes to increase fluid intake 3, 4, 6

Prevention of Dehydration in Pregnancy

Prevention of dehydration in pregnancy is crucial to ensure a healthy pregnancy outcome. The following are some tips to prevent dehydration:

  • Drink at least 8-10 glasses of water per day
  • Eat foods high in water content, such as fruits and vegetables
  • Avoid caffeinated and carbonated drinks
  • Take regular breaks to rest and relax
  • Monitor urine output and color to ensure adequate hydration 3, 5

References

6
Research

[Treatment of choleriform diarrhea during pregnancy].

Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. Pan American Sanitary Bureau, 1994

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Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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