From the Guidelines
After an epidural injection, you will experience numbness and decreased sensation in the targeted area, and it is crucial to monitor for potential adverse effects, such as deep infection, temporary altered level of consciousness, paralysis, and death, as reported in recent studies 1. The medication, usually a combination of local anesthetics like bupivacaine or ropivacaine, sometimes with opioids like fentanyl, begins working within 10-20 minutes and provides pain relief for several hours. You'll remain conscious but will need to stay in position until the anesthesiologist completes the procedure. Your blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen levels will be monitored continuously. Some potential temporary side effects include:
- Decreased blood pressure
- Difficulty urinating
- Itching
- Headache Movement will be limited while the epidural is active, and you'll likely need assistance when getting up. The numbness gradually wears off over several hours after the medication is stopped. Some people experience temporary back soreness at the injection site. The epidural works by delivering medication directly to the epidural space surrounding the spinal cord, blocking pain signals from reaching the brain while generally preserving motor function, allowing for pain relief with minimal systemic effects, as supported by recent clinical practice guidelines 1. It is essential to note that the effectiveness of epidural injections for chronic pain management is still a topic of debate, with moderate certainty evidence showing little to no effect on pain relief for chronic axial spine pain and chronic radicular spine pain 1. However, the primary concern is the potential risks associated with the procedure, and it is crucial to carefully weigh the benefits and risks before proceeding with an epidural injection, considering the latest evidence from high-quality studies 1.
From the Research
What Happens After an Epidural Injection
- The effects of an epidural injection can vary depending on the individual and the specific procedure used 2, 3, 4.
- After the injection, patients may experience relief from pain, which can last from a few days to several weeks or even months 2, 4.
- The procedure can also have anti-inflammatory effects, which can help to reduce swelling and promote healing 2, 4.
- In some cases, patients may experience side effects such as numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected area, but these are usually temporary 3, 5.
- It is essential to follow the instructions provided by the healthcare provider after the procedure to ensure a smooth recovery and minimize the risk of complications 4, 6.
Potential Complications
- As with any medical procedure, there are potential complications associated with epidural injections, such as infection, bleeding, or nerve damage 3, 5.
- In rare cases, patients may experience more severe complications, such as spinal headache or transient paralysis 3, 5.
- It is crucial to discuss the potential risks and benefits with a healthcare provider before undergoing the procedure 2, 6.
Post-Procedure Care
- After the injection, patients should rest and avoid strenuous activities for a few days to allow the affected area to heal 4, 6.
- Patients should also follow a rehabilitation program, which may include physical therapy, to promote recovery and prevent further injury 4, 6.
- Regular follow-up appointments with the healthcare provider are necessary to monitor the patient's progress and adjust the treatment plan as needed 2, 6.