Differential Diagnosis for Ear Infection
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Otitis Media: This is the most likely diagnosis given the symptoms of ear pain, feeling of fullness, and radiation of pain to the jaw. Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear that can cause these symptoms, especially in the absence of systemic symptoms like fever.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Otitis Externa: Also known as swimmer's ear, this infection of the outer ear canal can cause pain, especially when the outer ear is touched or pulled, and a feeling of fullness. The pain radiating to the jaw could be consistent with this diagnosis if the infection is severe.
- Eustachian Tube Dysfunction: This condition can cause a feeling of fullness in the ear and pain due to the inability of the Eustachian tube to properly regulate air pressure in the ear. It might not fully explain the jaw pain but could contribute to the overall discomfort.
- Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Disorder: Given the radiation of pain to the jaw, a TMJ disorder could be considered, especially if there are underlying issues with the jaw joint. However, the primary complaint of ear pain and fullness might not be fully explained by this diagnosis alone.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Mastoiditis: Although less likely due to the absence of fever and more severe symptoms, mastoiditis is a serious infection of the mastoid bone that can arise from untreated otitis media. It requires prompt treatment to prevent complications.
- Petrous Apicitis: A rare but serious complication of otitis media, petrous apicitis involves infection of the petrous part of the temporal bone. It can present with severe pain, including pain radiating to the jaw, and requires immediate medical attention.
- Labyrinthitis: An inner ear infection that can cause vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus, in addition to ear pain. While the patient denies dizziness, it's essential to consider this diagnosis due to its potential for significant morbidity.
Rare Diagnoses
- Ramsay Hunt Syndrome: Caused by the varicella-zoster virus, this syndrome can lead to ear pain, facial weakness, and sometimes vertigo or tinnitus. It's less likely given the absence of rash or facial weakness but should be considered in the differential.
- Cholesteatoma: A type of skin cyst in the middle ear that can cause chronic or recurrent infections, leading to ear pain and fullness. It's less likely as an initial presentation without a history of recurrent infections or significant hearing loss.
- Ear Cancer: Although extremely rare and unlikely without other symptoms such as significant hearing loss, tinnitus, or a visible mass, it should be considered in the broad differential diagnosis, especially in smokers or those with a family history of cancer.