From the Guidelines
Physical attractiveness is a complex and multifaceted concept that is influenced by a combination of biological, psychological, and cultural factors, with research suggesting that it can have a significant impact on social interactions and perceptions. When examining the relationship between physical attractiveness and psychological well-being, studies have shown that individuals with hereditary breast-ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndromes may experience negative effects on body image, including decreased perceived attractiveness and femininity, particularly after risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) [ 1 ]. Some key findings from the research on physical attractiveness include:
- The impact of HBOC on body image is complex, with quantitative studies showing that most women are satisfied with their decision to undergo RRM, but qualitative studies revealing negative effects such as distress about loss of sensation and discomfort with reconstructed breasts [ 1 ].
- Salient risk factors for decreased body image include poor reconstruction outcomes, surgical complications, and lack of information before surgery [ 1 ].
- The negative impact on sexual function, including vaginal dryness and loss of sexual satisfaction, following risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (RRBSO) is a significant concern [ 1 ].
- Individual risk factors, such as high levels of anxiety and depression before genetic testing, presence of a cancer diagnosis, being unpartnered, and family cancer history, can contribute to elevated and sustained levels of psychological distress [ 1 ]. Overall, the research highlights the importance of considering the psychological and social implications of physical attractiveness in the context of HBOC and other health conditions.
From the Research
Findings on Physical Attractiveness
- Research suggests that physical attractiveness can have a significant impact on an individual's mental and physical health, self-esteem, and social interactions 2.
- Studies have shown that people who are more attractive may be perceived as more competent, trustworthy, and likable, which can lead to better social and economic outcomes 3.
- The concept of "what is beautiful is good" is a common heuristic that associates physical attractiveness with positivity, but this association may be context-dependent and influenced by factors such as credibility 3.
- Appearance-Based Rejection Sensitivity (Appearance-RS) is a personality-processing system that can affect an individual's mental and physical health, self-esteem, and motivation, particularly in response to negative feedback about their appearance 2.
Impact of Aesthetic Treatments on Physical Attractiveness
- Combination facial aesthetic treatments using botulinum toxin and dermal fillers have been shown to improve patient satisfaction with their overall facial appearance and reduce self-perceived age 4, 5.
- These treatments can also have a positive impact on psychosocial functioning, including improvements in social and psychological well-being 4, 5.
- High patient satisfaction rates have been reported for full-facial rejuvenation treatments using a combination of botulinum toxin Type A and hyaluronic acid filler, with over 90% of patients reporting satisfaction with the treatment outcome 5.
Methodological Considerations
- The therapeutic effects of preference for physical attractiveness are complex and difficult to measure, and may be influenced by various factors such as health promotion interventions and individual differences in sensitivity to rejection based on appearance 6, 2.
- Further research is needed to fully understand the effects of physical attractiveness on mental and physical health, and to develop effective interventions to promote positive body image and self-esteem 2, 3.