From the Research
The transmission rate of latent herpes labialis is difficult to quantify precisely, but it is known that the virus can be transmitted through direct contact with active lesions or asymptomatic viral shedding, with the highest risk during active outbreaks. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), which causes most cold sores, is extremely common worldwide, with approximately 67% of the global population under age 50 carrying the virus 1. Transmission primarily occurs through direct contact with active lesions or asymptomatic viral shedding through saliva or other oral secretions. The risk of transmission is highest during active outbreaks when visible sores are present, but asymptomatic shedding allows transmission even when no symptoms are visible. This explains why many people acquire the infection during childhood through non-sexual contact with family members. Some key points to consider in the transmission of herpes labialis include:
- The virus establishes lifelong latency in sensory nerve ganglia after initial infection, with periodic reactivations triggered by factors like stress, illness, sun exposure, or hormonal changes 1.
- Once infected, individuals remain carriers for life, though many never develop symptoms.
- To reduce transmission risk, avoid direct contact during outbreaks, don't share personal items like lip balm or utensils, and consider antiviral medications like acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir during active episodes, which can reduce viral shedding and outbreak duration 2, 3.
- Environmental surfaces may also be a source of transmission of herpesvirus to others, as the virus can survive for several hours on skin, cloth, and plastic 4. It's worth noting that while there are various studies on the treatment and management of herpes labialis, the most recent and comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of the condition is provided by 1, which highlights the importance of understanding the transmission dynamics of the virus to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.