Can carboplatin (carboplatin) and etoposide (etoposide) cause hyperthyroidism (thyroid dysfunction)?

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Last updated: June 20, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

Carboplatin and etoposide are not typically associated with hyperthyroidism, though they can occasionally affect thyroid function, with a more common link to hypothyroidism rather than hyperthyroidism. These chemotherapy agents are used in various cancer treatments, including small cell lung cancer and neuroendocrine carcinomas, as seen in studies such as 1. Thyroid dysfunction is not considered a primary side effect of either medication but can occur as part of broader endocrine disruptions during cancer treatment.

Monitoring and Management

Patients receiving these drugs should have baseline thyroid function tests before starting treatment, with periodic monitoring throughout therapy, especially if symptoms of thyroid dysfunction develop. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism to watch for include unexplained weight loss, increased heart rate, anxiety, heat intolerance, and tremors. The mechanism by which these drugs might affect thyroid function is not fully understood but may involve inflammatory processes or immune system modulation, as suggested by various studies including 2 and 3.

Clinical Considerations

If thyroid abnormalities are detected during treatment, consultation with an endocrinologist is recommended while continuing cancer therapy, as thyroid dysfunction can usually be managed without discontinuing the chemotherapy regimen. The choice between oral and intravenous etoposide may depend on patient-specific factors and the specific cancer being treated, with studies like 1 indicating comparable efficacy and toxicity profiles for both administration routes in certain contexts.

Evidence Summary

The provided evidence, including studies from 4 to 1, does not directly link carboplatin and etoposide to hyperthyroidism but highlights their potential impact on thyroid function as part of broader endocrine effects. The most recent and highest quality study, 1, focuses on the combination of carboplatin with oral or intravenous etoposide for extra-pulmonary, poorly-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, showing the regimen to be active, effective, and well-tolerated, without specific mention of hyperthyroidism as a side effect.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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