What is the treatment for heat cramps (muscle cramps due to sun exertion)?

From the Guidelines

The treatment for heat cramps due to sun exertion involves rest, cooling off, and drinking an electrolyte-carbohydrate mixture, such as juice, milk, or a commercial electrolyte-carbohydrate drink. This approach is based on the 2010 American Heart Association and American Red Cross guidelines for first aid 1. The guidelines recommend that individuals experiencing heat cramps should stop exercising and move to a cool environment to rest and cool off.

Some key steps to take when treating heat cramps include:

• Resting in a cool environment to reduce body temperature
• Drinking an electrolyte-carbohydrate mixture to replenish lost salts and fluids
• Stretching, icing, and massaging the affected muscles to relieve pain and spasms
• Avoiding resumption of exercise until all symptoms have resolved, as recommended by the guidelines 1

It is essential to note that heat cramps can be a precursor to more severe heat-related illnesses, such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the individual's condition closely and seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or persist. The guidelines emphasize the importance of prompt treatment for heat-related illnesses to prevent progression to more severe conditions 1.

From the Research

Treatment for Heat Cramps

The treatment for heat cramps, which are muscle cramps due to sun exertion, typically involves:

• Massage, and fluid and electrolyte replacement 2
• Increasing dietary salt and staying hydrated to prevent heat cramps 3
• Consuming a carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage before and during exercise in a hot environment to delay the onset of heat cramps 4
• Replacing fluids and electrolytes, particularly sodium, as heat cramping is caused by 'salty sweating' 5

Prevention Strategies

Prevention strategies are essential to reducing the incidence of heat cramps, and include:

• Drinking on schedule, rather than relying on thirst 3
• Favoring sports drinks that contain sodium and other electrolytes 3
• Monitoring weight and watching urine output to ensure proper hydration 3
• Avoiding caffeine and alcohol, which can exacerbate dehydration 3
• Staying cool when possible, and knowing the early warning signs of heat illness 3, 6

Response to Heat Cramps

When heat cramps occur, it is important to:

• Stop activity and rest in a cool place 2, 6
• Replace fluids and electrolytes, particularly sodium 2, 5
• Massage the affected muscle to help relieve cramping 2
• Seek medical attention if heat cramps are severe or persistent 2, 6