From the Research
Treatment for viral pharyngitis primarily focuses on symptom management since antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections. The most recent and highest quality study 1 suggests that viral causes are often self-limiting, while bacterial and fungal infections typically require antimicrobial therapy.
Key Considerations
- Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) 325-650 mg every 4-6 hours or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) 400-600 mg every 6-8 hours can help reduce throat pain and fever, as noted in 2.
- Throat lozenges containing benzocaine or menthol may provide temporary relief.
- Gargling with warm salt water (1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon of salt in 8 ounces of warm water) several times daily can soothe the throat.
- Adequate hydration with warm liquids like tea with honey helps maintain moisture in the throat and prevents dehydration.
- Rest is essential to allow the body to fight the infection.
Important Notes
- Most cases of viral pharyngitis resolve within 7-10 days without specific antiviral treatment.
- If symptoms persist beyond 10 days, worsen significantly, or if you develop difficulty breathing or swallowing, seek medical attention as this may indicate a bacterial infection or complications requiring different treatment, as suggested by 3 and 1.
- Antibiotic treatment should be limited to patients who are most likely to have bacterial infections, such as Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infection, as noted in 4.
Summary of Recommendations
- Symptom management is the primary focus for viral pharyngitis.
- Use of over-the-counter pain relievers, throat lozenges, and gargling with warm salt water can help alleviate symptoms.
- Adequate hydration and rest are crucial for recovery.
- Antibiotics should only be considered for bacterial infections, and their use should be guided by clinical judgment and diagnostic testing, as recommended by 1 and 4.