What is the vaccine for Dengue (sốt xuất huyết) fever?

From the Guidelines

The dengue fever vaccine, specifically a subcutaneously administered live dengue vaccine, is recommended for eligible children who reside in the household of an immunocompromised person, as stated in a recent guideline from 2024 1. This vaccine is a crucial tool in preventing dengue fever, which can cause significant morbidity and mortality, especially in individuals with compromised immune systems.

• The vaccine works by introducing a weakened form of the dengue virus, allowing the immune system to develop protective antibodies.
• It is essential to note that the vaccine is not recommended for patients with cancer, but eligible children living with them can receive the vaccine 1.
• The vaccine's safety and efficacy have been evaluated, and it is considered safe for household contacts of immunocompromised patients, including those with cancer 1.
• While the vaccine is not 100% effective, it can significantly reduce the risk of severe disease and hospitalization rates.
• A comprehensive dengue prevention strategy should include vaccination, as well as mosquito control measures, to minimize the risk of transmission.
• It is crucial to follow the recommended vaccination schedule and dosage to ensure optimal protection against dengue fever.
• As with any vaccine, side effects may occur, but they are generally mild and temporary, and the benefits of vaccination far outweigh the risks.

From the FDA Drug Label

DENGVAXIA is a vaccine indicated for the prevention of dengue disease caused by dengue virus serotypes 1,2,3 and 4. The vaccine for Dengue (sốt xuất huyết) fever is Dengvaxia (Dengue Tetravalent Vaccine, Live), which is approved for use in individuals 6 through 16 years of age with laboratory-confirmed previous dengue infection and living in endemic areas 2.

• Key points:
  • Approved for individuals 6-16 years old with previous dengue infection
  • Living in endemic areas
  • Not approved for individuals younger than 6 years old or not previously infected by any dengue virus serotype 2
  • Administration: Three doses (0.5 mL each) 6 months apart (at month 0,6, and 12) 2

From the Research

Dengue Vaccine Overview

• The Sanofi Pasteur tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV, Dengvaxia®) is a licensed vaccine for individuals aged 9 to 45/60 years old with a prior dengue virus (DENV) infection and living in endemic countries/areas 3.
• The CYD-TDV vaccine has been shown to protect 66% of a subset of 9-16 year old participants in the first 25 months of two Phase III trials, but has a significantly lower efficacy in children younger than 9 years of age 4.
• The Qdenga vaccine has been approved and achieved an overall vaccine efficacy of 80% after 12 months, but did not provide a protective effect against DENV-3 in dengue naïve individuals 5.

Vaccine Development and Strategies

• Several targets and strategies are being investigated for the development of dengue vaccines, including live attenuated vaccine, inactivated virus vaccine, recombinant subunit vaccine, viral-vector vaccine, and DNA vaccine 6.
• The Butantan-DV vaccine candidate is currently undergoing phase 3 clinical trials for safety and efficacy evaluations in humans 5.
• Various other vaccine types are being studied in preclinical and clinical studies, aiming to provide a more effective and safe vaccine against dengue viruses 5.

Vaccine Efficacy and Safety

• The CYD-TDV vaccine has been shown to increase the risk of severe dengue in young vaccinated recipients, particularly in dengue-naïve individuals 4, 6.
• The Qdenga vaccine has been approved, but its long-term efficacy and safety are still being evaluated 5.
• The development of safe and effective vaccines is critical in the prevention and control of dengue disease, and ongoing research is focused on improving vaccine efficacy and safety 7, 5.