From the Research
Adermatoglyphia is a rare genetic condition characterized by the absence of fingerprints, primarily caused by mutations in the SMARCAD1 gene, resulting in completely smooth fingertips and potential identification issues. The condition, also known as "immigration delay disease," affects the development of skin ridges during fetal development. Symptoms and signs include completely smooth fingertips without the typical ridges and whorls, reduced sweat gland function on the hands and feet, and sometimes facial features like a flat nasal bridge and widely spaced eyes 1. Some patients may experience hypohidrosis (reduced sweating) which can lead to heat intolerance.
Causes and Inheritance
The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning only one copy of the altered gene is needed to cause the condition 1. Adermatoglyphia can be caused by various factors, including genetic mutations, skin diseases, traumatic injuries, denervation, aging, and chemotherapy 2. However, the primary cause is the mutation in the SMARCAD1 gene.
Diagnosis and Management
The condition is typically diagnosed through physical examination of the hands and genetic testing to confirm the SMARCAD1 mutation. While there is no treatment to restore fingerprints, the condition generally doesn't cause serious health problems beyond identification issues 3. Affected individuals should carry alternative identification documents when traveling internationally, as fingerprint-based security systems will not work for them.
Key Considerations
- Adermatoglyphia is a rare condition with only a few reported cases in the literature 4.
- The condition can cause significant difficulties with personal identification, particularly in situations where fingerprint verification is mandatory 5.
- Alternative identification methods and documents should be used to facilitate travel and other activities that require identification.
In terms of morbidity, mortality, and quality of life, the primary concern for individuals with adermatoglyphia is the potential for identification issues and related difficulties, rather than any direct health risks associated with the condition. Therefore, it is essential to prioritize alternative identification methods and documents to ensure that affected individuals can participate fully in various activities without facing undue obstacles.