Cholecystitis: This is a common cause of right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain, especially in patients with a history of gallstones, which can be more prevalent in patients undergoing dialysis due to altered bile composition and stasis.

Peptic Ulcer Disease: Patients on dialysis may have an increased risk of peptic ulcers due to the use of certain medications, altered gastric mucosal defense, and potential for Helicobacter pylori infection.
Hepatitis: Dialysis patients are at a higher risk for hepatitis B and C due to potential exposures during dialysis, and hepatitis can cause RUQ pain.
Constipation: Although not typically causing RUQ pain, severe constipation can refer pain to this area and is common in dialysis patients due to dietary restrictions, medication side effects, and decreased physical activity.

Hemorrhagic Cholecystitis or Perforation: A severe complication of cholecystitis that requires immediate surgical intervention.
Pulmonary Embolism: Can cause referred RUQ pain, especially if the embolism involves the right lung, and is a significant concern in dialysis patients who may have increased clotting tendencies.
Myocardial Infarction: Although typically presenting with chest pain, myocardial infarctions can occasionally cause referred pain to the RUQ, especially in diabetic patients who may have altered pain perception.
Aortic Dissection: A life-threatening condition that can cause severe pain, which may be referred to the RUQ, especially if the dissection involves the ascending aorta.

Amyloidosis: Can cause hepatomegaly and RUQ pain in patients on long-term dialysis, due to the accumulation of amyloid proteins.
Sclerosing Cholangitis: A rare condition that can cause RUQ pain, jaundice, and is associated with inflammatory bowel disease, which may be more common in patients with certain autoimmune conditions that also predispose to kidney disease.
Hepatic Artery Aneurysm: A rare condition that can cause RUQ pain and is at risk of rupture, potentially life-threatening.