There are no official guidelines to assist in answering this question. I will search for relevant research papers instead.
From the Research
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis
- Metabolic alkalosis is a primary pathophysiologic event characterized by the gain of bicarbonate or the loss of nonvolatile acid from extracellular fluid 1, 2
- The loss of acid may be via the gastrointestinal tract or via the kidney, while excess base may be gained by oral or parenteral HCO3- administration or by lactate, acetate, or citrate administration 1, 2
- Clinical states associated with metabolic alkalosis include vomiting, mineralocorticoid excess, the adrenogenital syndrome, licorice ingestion, diuretic administration, and Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes 1, 2
Role of Analgesics in Metabolic Alkalosis
- There is no direct evidence in the provided studies that links analgesics (pain medications) to metabolic alkalosis 3, 4, 1, 2, 5
- However, it is possible that certain analgesics may contribute to metabolic alkalosis indirectly, such as by causing vomiting or affecting kidney function, but this is not explicitly stated in the provided studies
Maintenance of Metabolic Alkalosis
- Factors that help maintain metabolic alkalosis include decreased glomerular filtration rate, volume contraction, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, and aldosterone excess 4, 1, 2
- The kidney plays a crucial role in maintaining acid-base balance, and factors that interfere with its mechanisms can impair the ability to eliminate excess bicarbonate, promoting the generation or persistence of metabolic alkalosis 4