From the Research
Acute urinary retention typically causes several vital sign changes, including tachycardia and hypertension, due to pain, discomfort, and autonomic nervous system activation, as reported in a study published in 2019 1. These changes occur because the overfilled bladder stimulates stretch receptors, triggering pain signals and autonomic responses. The severity of vital sign changes typically correlates with the degree of bladder distension and the patient's pain tolerance. Some key vital sign changes that may occur include:
- Tachycardia (increased heart rate)
- Hypertension (elevated blood pressure)
- Increased respiratory rate due to discomfort
- Normal temperature unless there's an underlying infection
- Patients may appear diaphoretic (sweaty) and restless, with facial expressions indicating distress Prompt bladder decompression via catheterization usually resolves these vital sign abnormalities quickly, as noted in a study published in 2014 2. In elderly patients or those with cardiovascular disease, these hemodynamic changes can be particularly concerning and may precipitate cardiac events, making rapid intervention essential, as discussed in a study published in 2008 3. It is essential to prioritize the management of acute urinary retention to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes, as emphasized in a study published in 2007 4 and 2006 5.