Giardiasis: This is a common cause of clay-colored stools, especially in individuals who have recently traveled or have been exposed to contaminated water. Giardiasis is an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia, which can lead to malabsorption and changes in stool color and consistency.

Pancreatic Insufficiency: Conditions such as chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer can lead to malabsorption of fats, resulting in clay-colored, greasy stools due to the presence of undigested fats.
Biliary Obstruction: Obstruction of the bile ducts, which can be caused by gallstones, tumors, or other conditions, can prevent bile from reaching the intestines, leading to pale or clay-colored stools.
Celiac Disease: An autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to react to gluten, leading to inflammation and damage in the small intestine, which can result in malabsorption and changes in stool appearance.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Although less common, liver cancer can cause changes in liver function, including alterations in bile production or secretion, potentially leading to changes in stool color.
Cholangiocarcinoma: A cancer of the bile duct, which can cause obstruction and lead to jaundice and changes in stool color, including clay-colored stools.

Abetalipoproteinemia: A rare inherited disorder that affects the absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins, leading to changes in stool appearance, including clay-colored stools.
Carboxyl Ester Lipase Deficiency: A rare condition that affects the enzyme responsible for fat digestion, potentially leading to malabsorption and changes in stool color and consistency.
Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC): An autoimmune disease of the liver characterized by a progressive destruction of the bile ducts within the liver, leading to cirrhosis and potentially causing changes in stool color due to impaired bile secretion.