Differential Diagnosis for Facial and Leg Swelling
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Nephrotic Syndrome: This condition is characterized by excessive loss of protein in the urine, leading to hypoalbuminemia, which causes fluid to shift from blood vessels to interstitial spaces, resulting in edema. Facial and leg swelling are common presentations.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Heart Failure: Reduced cardiac output leads to increased venous pressure, causing fluid to accumulate in the interstitial spaces, particularly in the legs and face.
- Liver Cirrhosis: Cirrhosis can lead to hypoalbuminemia and increased venous pressure, resulting in edema.
- Renal Failure: Decreased renal function can cause fluid retention, leading to swelling in the face and legs.
- Hypothyroidism: This condition can cause fluid retention and swelling, particularly in the face, hands, and feet.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Superior Vena Cava Syndrome: Obstruction of the superior vena cava can cause facial and arm swelling, and it is essential to recognize this condition promptly due to its potential for serious complications.
- Deep Vein Thrombosis: A blood clot in the deep veins of the legs can cause swelling, and it is crucial to diagnose and treat this condition to prevent pulmonary embolism.
- Lymphoma: Certain types of lymphoma can cause facial and leg swelling due to lymphatic obstruction or compression.
Rare Diagnoses
- Lipedema: A rare condition characterized by abnormal fat distribution in the legs, leading to swelling and pain.
- Sarcoidosis: An autoimmune disease that can cause inflammation and swelling in various parts of the body, including the face and legs.
- Fabry Disease: A genetic disorder that can cause swelling, pain, and other symptoms due to the accumulation of a specific type of fat in the body.
- Milroy Disease: A rare genetic disorder that causes lymphedema, leading to swelling in the legs and other parts of the body.