From the Research
Yes, large tattoos can potentially cause rhabdomyolysis in rare cases, and it is crucial to take preventive measures to minimize this risk. Rhabdomyolysis is a serious condition where damaged muscle tissue breaks down rapidly, releasing proteins like myoglobin into the bloodstream, which can damage the kidneys. The risk increases with extensive tattooing sessions lasting several hours, particularly when covering large body areas. The trauma from repeated needle punctures, combined with the physical stress of remaining in one position for extended periods, can trigger muscle breakdown in susceptible individuals. People with pre-existing medical conditions, those who are dehydrated, or individuals taking certain medications may be at higher risk 1.
Risk Factors and Prevention
To reduce this risk, consider the following:
- Breaking up large tattoo sessions into shorter appointments
- Staying well-hydrated before and after tattooing
- Avoiding alcohol and certain medications before the procedure
- Watching for warning signs like extreme muscle pain, dark urine, or unusual weakness following a tattoo session If these symptoms develop, seek immediate medical attention as rhabdomyolysis requires prompt treatment to prevent kidney damage 2, 3.
Importance of Monitoring and Education
Monitoring specific values at baseline and throughout treatment is standard of care for certain therapies; however, creatine kinase (CK) blood monitoring is often excluded 1. Educating patients on the risks of rhabdomyolysis and the importance of monitoring CK levels can help assess the risk of rhabdomyolysis and potential renal damage.
Treatment and Prophylaxis
Efforts to minimize the risk of acute renal failure in patients with rhabdomyolysis include volume repletion, treatment with mannitol, and urinary alkalinization as soon as possible after muscle injury 4. However, the association of mannitol and bicarbonate seems to be unnecessary once appropriate saline expansion is provided 4.