Histoplasmosis: This is a common cause of pleural base calcification, especially in endemic areas. The calcifications are often bilateral and can be associated with other findings such as lymph node calcification.

Tuberculosis: Pleural tuberculosis can lead to calcification of the pleura, particularly at the base. This diagnosis should be considered, especially in patients with a history of exposure or in endemic areas.
Asbestos-related disease: Asbestos exposure can cause pleural plaques, which may calcify over time. These calcifications are often seen at the bases of the lungs and can be associated with other asbestos-related findings.
Empyema: Chronic empyema can lead to fibrosis and calcification of the pleura, including the base.

Malignancy (e.g., mesothelioma): While less common, malignancies such as mesothelioma can cause pleural calcifications. It is crucial to consider and rule out these diagnoses due to their significant implications for patient management and prognosis.
Pneumonia or abscess with complications: Certain infections can lead to pleural complications, including calcification, especially if not properly treated.

Sarcoidosis: This systemic disease can affect the lungs and cause calcifications, although pleural base calcification is a less common manifestation.
Familial Mediterranean Fever: A rare genetic disorder that can cause recurrent inflammatory episodes, including pleurisy, which may lead to calcification in some cases.
Echinococcosis (Hydatid disease): A parasitic infection that can cause cysts in various parts of the body, including the lungs, and potentially lead to calcification if the cysts rupture or become chronic.