From the FDA Drug Label
In 12 healthy subjects, the rate and extent of dextroamphetamine absorption were similar following administration of the sustained-release capsule formulation in the fed (58 to 75 gm fat) and fasted state.
The best timing for eating in relation to taking Adderall XL is either before or after, as the rate and extent of dextroamphetamine absorption are similar in both the fed and fasted state 1. No specific recommendation can be made regarding the optimal timing of eating in relation to taking Adderall XL, as the drug's absorption is not significantly affected by food intake.
From the Research
It's generally recommended to take Adderall XL (extended-release amphetamine and dextroamphetamine) first thing in the morning on an empty stomach, about 30-60 minutes before breakfast, as food can interfere with the absorption of the medication and potentially reduce its effectiveness 2. This timing allows for optimal absorption of the medication and helps establish a consistent daily routine. After taking the medication, you can eat a normal breakfast. Some people find that acidic foods and beverages (like orange juice, coffee, or vitamin C supplements) may decrease the effectiveness of Adderall, so it's best to avoid these items around the time of taking your medication. Throughout the day, try to maintain regular meal times even if you experience reduced appetite, as proper nutrition supports overall health and medication effectiveness. Staying hydrated is also important while on Adderall XL. The reasoning behind this timing recommendation is supported by a study that compared the effect of a high-fat breakfast on early drug exposure from extended-release stimulant formulations, including Adderall XR, which found that amphetamine concentrations were markedly lower when the subjects had eaten breakfast, resulting in lower early drug exposures 2. Another study found that a 30-mg dose of SLI381 (Adderall XR) showed no significant differences in rate and extent of absorption of d- and l-amphetamine for fasted or sprinkled conditions compared with the high-fat meal condition, but this does not necessarily apply to the extended-release formulation 3. However, the most relevant study to this question is the one that directly compared the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of Adderall XR, which found that food can interfere with the absorption of the medication 2. Therefore, taking Adderall XL on an empty stomach is the best approach to ensure optimal absorption and effectiveness.
Key points to consider: