What are the gaps in the literature regarding long-term outcomes of pinhole (pinhole implant) implantation?

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Last updated: June 26, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

The major gaps in the literature regarding long-term outcomes of pinhole implantation include insufficient data on implant stability beyond 5 years, limited understanding of late complications, and inadequate information on visual outcomes in diverse patient populations. Current research lacks comprehensive studies with large sample sizes and extended follow-up periods exceeding 10 years, which are essential to evaluate the durability and safety profile of these implants 1. There is also insufficient data comparing pinhole implants to alternative treatments for presbyopia across different age groups and comorbidities. Additionally, the literature has not adequately addressed the potential need for explantation procedures or secondary interventions over time, nor has it thoroughly investigated how these implants perform under changing ocular conditions such as cataract development or progression of other eye diseases.

Some of the key areas that require further investigation include:

  • Implant stability and longevity beyond 5 years
  • Late complications and their management
  • Visual outcomes in diverse patient populations, including those with different types of irregular corneal astigmatism
  • Comparison of pinhole implants to alternative treatments for presbyopia
  • Need for explantation procedures or secondary interventions over time
  • Performance of pinhole implants under changing ocular conditions

The most recent study on this topic, published in 2021, highlights the safety and efficacy of bilateral implantation of a supplementary intraocular pinhole, but also notes the need for further research on the long-term outcomes of this procedure 1. Another study published in 2020 found that pinhole implantation can be an effective option for treating irregular corneal astigmatism, but also emphasized the need for further research on the long-term safety and efficacy of this procedure 2.

Overall, while the current literature provides some insights into the safety and efficacy of pinhole implantation, there are significant gaps in our understanding of the long-term outcomes of this procedure, and further research is needed to fully evaluate its potential benefits and risks.

References

Research

Bilateral implantation of a supplementary intraocular pinhole.

Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, 2021

Research

Long-term safety of in-the-bag implantation of a supplementary intraocular pinhole.

Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, 2020

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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