From the Guidelines
Magnesium supplements can cause several side effects, primarily digestive issues, and individuals with kidney disease should exercise caution due to the risk of hypermagnesemia. The most common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, stomach cramps, or abdominal pain, especially at higher doses or with certain forms like magnesium oxide or citrate 1. According to the American Gastroenterological Association-American College of Gastroenterology clinical practice guideline, magnesium oxide (MgO) dosing in available RCTs was 1.5 g/d, but lower doses of 500 mg/d to 1 g/d are often used in clinical practice, and data on adverse effects of MgO from the available trials are limited 1.
Some key points to consider when taking magnesium supplements include:
- Starting with a lower dose and gradually increasing it to minimize digestive side effects
- Taking supplements with food to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal intolerance
- Choosing more easily absorbed forms like magnesium glycinate
- Being aware of potential interactions with certain medications, including antibiotics, diuretics, and blood pressure medications
- Individuals with kidney disease should avoid magnesium supplements if they have a creatinine clearance of <20 mg/dL due to the risk of hypermagnesemia 1
- High doses of magnesium can cause muscle weakness, flushing, hypotension, bradycardia, blurred vision, and cognitive effects, as reported in a study on erythromelalgia treatment 1
It is essential to be cautious when taking magnesium supplements, especially for individuals with pre-existing medical conditions or those taking other medications, to minimize the risk of adverse effects and ensure safe use 1.
From the FDA Drug Label
Warnings Ask a doctor before use if you have kidney disease a magnesium-restricted diet stomach pain, nausea, or vomiting a sudden change in bowel habits that lasts over 14 days Stop use and ask a doctor if you have rectal bleeding or no bowel movement after using this product. These could be signs of a serious condition. you need to use a laxative for more than 1 week
The potential side effects of taking magnesium supplements include:
- Rectal bleeding
- No bowel movement
- Stomach pain
- Nausea
- Vomiting These side effects could be signs of a serious condition, and it is recommended to stop use and ask a doctor if they occur 2.
From the Research
Potential Side Effects of Magnesium Supplements
The potential side effects of taking magnesium supplements can vary depending on several factors, including the type of magnesium supplement, the dosage, and individual tolerance. Some possible side effects include:
- Gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting 3, 4
- Abdominal cramps and muscle weakness 3
- Hypomagnesemia (low magnesium levels) or hypermagnesemia (high magnesium levels) if not taken as directed 3, 5
- Interactions with other medications, such as blood thinners and antibiotics 5
Magnesium Deficiency and Related Health Issues
Magnesium deficiency can lead to a range of health issues, including:
- Hypertension and cardiovascular disease 5
- Osteoporosis and tooth cavities 5
- Muscle cramps, weakness, and fatigue 5
- Neurological disorders such as migraine, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease 5
- Impaired immune function and increased risk of infections 5
Safe and Effective Use of Magnesium Supplements
To minimize the risk of side effects and maximize the benefits of magnesium supplements:
- Consult with a healthcare professional before taking magnesium supplements, especially if you have any underlying medical conditions or take medications 4
- Follow the recommended dosage and start with a low dose to assess tolerance 4
- Choose a high-quality magnesium supplement from a reputable manufacturer 6
- Monitor your magnesium levels and adjust your supplement regimen as needed 7, 4