Differential Diagnosis for New Onset Floaters
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD): This is the most common cause of new onset floaters, especially in individuals over 50 years old. PVD occurs when the vitreous gel separates from the retina, leading to the appearance of floaters.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Vitreous Degeneration: As people age, the vitreous gel can degenerate, leading to the formation of floaters.
- Retinal Tear: A retinal tear can cause new onset floaters, and it's essential to distinguish it from PVD to prevent retinal detachment.
- Uveitis: Inflammation of the uvea can cause floaters, especially if the inflammation affects the posterior segment of the eye.
- Migraines: Ocular migraines can cause visual disturbances, including floaters.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Retinal Detachment: Although less common, retinal detachment is a medical emergency that requires prompt treatment. It can cause new onset floaters, among other symptoms like flashes of light and vision loss.
- Posterior Scleritis: Inflammation of the posterior sclera can cause floaters, and it's essential to diagnose and treat it promptly to prevent complications.
- Ocular Lymphoma: Although rare, ocular lymphoma can cause floaters, and it's crucial to consider it in the differential diagnosis, especially in immunocompromised patients.
Rare Diagnoses
- Choroidal Melanoma: A rare type of eye cancer that can cause floaters, among other symptoms like vision loss and eye pain.
- Intraocular Infection (e.g., Endophthalmitis): A rare but serious infection that can cause floaters, especially in patients with a history of recent eye surgery or trauma.
- Sarcoidosis: A rare autoimmune disease that can cause uveitis and floaters.
- Multiple Sclerosis: A rare autoimmune disease that can cause optic neuritis, leading to floaters and other visual disturbances.