What are the diagnostic criteria for Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD)?

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From the Research

Diagnostic Criteria for Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD)

The diagnostic criteria for Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD) are characterized by a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others, such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent [(1,2,3)]. The key features of PPD include:

  • Suspiciousness and feeling persecuted 1
  • Grandiosity 1
  • Discrepancy between the outer persona and the inner world of the individual 1
  • Demanding, arrogant, mistrustful, driven, unromantic, moralistic, and acutely vigilant behavior 1
  • Internally, individuals with PPD are often frightened, timid, self-doubting, gullible, inconsiderate, vulnerable to erotomania, and cognitively unable to grasp the totality of actual events 1

Dimensional Structure of PPD

Research suggests that PPD has a dimensional latent structure, rather than a discrete class or taxon 3. This means that paranoid personality traits exist on a continuum, rather than as a distinct category 3. The diagnostic criteria for PPD may be better represented as a dimensional construct, with individuals exhibiting varying degrees of paranoid traits [(2,3,4)].

Specific Diagnostic Criteria

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for PPD include:

  • Persistent unwarranted doubts about the loyalty of friends 2
  • Unwarranted accusations of infidelity of partner 2
  • Suspiciousness and hostility 2 However, the reliability and validity of these criteria have been questioned, and it has been suggested that a two-dimensional model of PPD, consisting of suspiciousness and hostility, may be more accurate 2.

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This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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