Differential Diagnosis for Testicular Swelling
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Epididymitis: This is an inflammation of the epididymis, a tube at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm. It's often caused by a bacterial infection and is a common cause of testicular swelling, especially in young men.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Orchitis: Inflammation of one or both testicles, usually caused by bacterial or viral infections. It can occur alone or in combination with epididymitis (epididymo-orchitis).
- Hydrocele: A condition where fluid accumulates in the scrotum, causing swelling of the testicle. It can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary due to other conditions like injury, infection, or tumor.
- Varicocele: An enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins. It's more common on the left side and can cause swelling and a feeling of heaviness.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Testicular Torsion: A medical emergency where the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off the blood supply to the testicle. It requires immediate surgical intervention to save the testicle.
- Testicular Cancer: Although less common, testicular cancer can present with swelling, a lump, or a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment.
Rare Diagnoses
- Spermatocele: A cystic structure that forms at the head of the epididymis and contains sperm. It's usually benign and may cause swelling but is less common.
- Cystic dysplasia of the testis: A rare congenital anomaly where cysts form within the testicle, leading to swelling.
- Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP): A form of vasculitis that can affect various parts of the body, including the testicles, leading to swelling and pain. It's more common in children.