From the Guidelines
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is used to treat and prevent influenza A and B infections.
Key Uses
- Treatment of uncomplicated influenza A and B illness: Oseltamivir can reduce the duration of illness by approximately 1 day when administered within 2 days of illness onset to otherwise healthy adults 1.
- Prevention of serious influenza-related complications: Oseltamivir has been shown to reduce the risk of pneumonia and hospitalizations among patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza, particularly those at high risk for complications 1.
- Treatment of influenza in high-risk patients: Oseltamivir is recommended for the treatment of influenza in patients at high risk for serious complications, such as those with chronic diseases or weakened immune systems 1.
Important Considerations
- Resistance: Oseltamivir-resistant influenza A and B viruses have been identified, although the public health impact has been limited to date 1.
- Age restrictions: Oseltamivir is not FDA-approved for use in children under 1 year of age, and inadequate data exist regarding its efficacy in this age group 1.
- Administration timing: Oseltamivir is most effective when administered within 48 hours of illness onset, although benefit has been observed even when started later 1.
From the FDA Drug Label
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
1.1 Treatment of Influenza Oseltamivir phosphate for oral suspension is indicated for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated illness due to influenza A and B infection in patients 2 weeks of age and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 48 hours.
- 2 Prophylaxis of Influenza Oseltamivir phosphate for oral suspension is indicated for the prophylaxis of influenza A and B in patients 1 year and older.
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is used for:
- Treatment of influenza A and B in patients 2 weeks of age and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 48 hours
- Prophylaxis of influenza A and B in patients 1 year and older 2
From the Research
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) Usage
Oseltamivir, commonly known by its trade name Tamiflu, is used for the treatment and prevention of influenza A and B infections. The key uses of Oseltamivir include:
- Treatment of influenza in patients who have had symptoms for no more than 48 hours 3, 4, 5
- Prevention of influenza in individuals who have been exposed to the virus, such as household contacts 4, 5
- Prophylaxis against influenza in high-risk populations, such as the elderly or those with chronic medical conditions 4, 6
Mechanism of Action
Oseltamivir works by inhibiting the neuraminidase glycoprotein, which is essential for the replication of influenza viruses. This inhibition reduces the quantity and duration of viral shedding, thereby alleviating symptoms and reducing the risk of complications 3, 4, 7.
Efficacy and Safety
Studies have shown that Oseltamivir is effective in reducing the duration and severity of influenza symptoms, as well as the risk of hospitalization and complications such as pneumonia and bronchitis 3, 4, 5. The drug is generally well-tolerated, with common side effects including nausea and vomiting, which can be mitigated by taking the medication with food 4, 7.
Resistance and Limitations
While Oseltamivir has been shown to be effective against a wide range of influenza strains, there is a risk of resistance developing, particularly with prolonged use or in individuals with compromised immune systems 6, 5, 7. Additionally, the emergence of antiviral-resistant strains of influenza may limit the effectiveness of Oseltamivir in the future 6, 5.