From the Guidelines
For a 66-year-old man with COPD, Type I diabetes, and orthostatic hypotension who has difficulty falling asleep, Ramelteon would be the recommended pharmacologic agent. According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline 1, Ramelteon is suggested as a treatment for sleep onset insomnia in adults, with a recommended dose of 8 mg. This recommendation is based on trials of 8 mg doses of Ramelteon. Ramelteon is a melatonin receptor agonist that has a low risk of respiratory depression, making it a safer option for patients with COPD compared to benzodiazepines and other sedative-hypnotics. Additionally, Ramelteon does not affect blood glucose control, making it a suitable option for patients with diabetes.
Some key points to consider when prescribing Ramelteon include:
- Administration on an empty stomach to maximize effectiveness
- Caution in patients with compromised respiratory function, such as COPD
- Avoiding concomitant use with other CNS depressants and/or alcohol
- Monitoring for potential adverse effects, such as dizziness and nausea
It's also important to note that non-pharmacological approaches, such as consistent sleep schedules, avoiding caffeine and alcohol before bedtime, limiting screen time, and creating a comfortable sleep environment, should be emphasized and used in conjunction with medication to potentially reduce the need for higher doses or additional drugs.
In contrast to other options, such as trazodone, which is not recommended as a first-line treatment for insomnia due to limited evidence of its efficacy 1, Ramelteon has a more established role in the treatment of sleep onset insomnia. Benzodiazepines, such as temazepam, are also not ideal due to their potential for respiratory depression and other adverse effects, particularly in elderly patients with COPD 1.
From the FDA Drug Label
- 1 Controlled Clinical Trials Chronic Insomnia Three randomized, doubleblind trials in subjects with chronic insomnia employing polysomnography (PSG) were provided as objective support of ramelteon's effectiveness in sleep initiation The second study employing PSG was a three-period crossover trial performed in subjects aged 65 years and older with a history of chronic insomnia Ramelteon reduced latency to persistent sleep at each of the time points when compared to placebo.
推奨される薬剤:
- ラメルテオン(Ramelteon) は、慢性睡眠障害の治療に効果的であり、65歳以上の高齢者でも安全に使用できます。
- ラメルテオンは、睡眠の開始を促進し、睡眠潜時を短縮することができます。
- ただし、ラメルテオンの使用に関連する潜在的な副作用や警告については、医師の指導と監視の下で使用する必要があります。 2
- ラメルテオンは、他の睡眠薬と比較して、依存性や乱用のリスクが低いと考えられています。 2
From the Research
推奨される薬剤
この患者には、ラメルテオン(Ramelteon)が推奨される薬剤である。
- ラメルテオンは、睡眠の開始を促進するためにMT1とMT2メラトニン受容体に作用する3, 4, 5。
- ラメルテオンは、慢性不眠症の患者における睡眠開始の改善に効果的であり、依存性や反跳性不眠症のリスクは低い4, 5。
- 高齢者におけるラメルテオンの使用についても研究があり、有効性と安全性が示されている6。
他の選択肢
他の選択肢については、以下の点が考慮される。
- トラゾドン(Trazodone)は、不眠症の治療に使用されることがあるが、依存性や反跳性不眠症のリスクがあり、ラメルテオンほど安全性が高くない3。
- アミトリプチリン(Amitriptyline)は、抗うつ薬であり、不眠症の治療に使用されることがあるが、ラメルテオンほど睡眠の開始を促進する効果がない4。
- テマゼパム(Temazepam)は、ベンゾジアゼピン系の睡眠薬であり、依存性や反跳性不眠症のリスクがあり、ラメルテオンほど安全性が高くない5。