From the Research
Ethanol use can significantly impact the effectiveness of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) by counteracting their therapeutic benefits and increasing the risk of adverse effects. While alcohol does not directly block the mechanism of SSRIs, it can worsen depression and anxiety symptoms that these medications are prescribed to treat 1. The most recent and highest quality study, published in 2020, found that cessation of fluoxetine treatment increases alcohol seeking during relapse and dysregulates endocannabinoid and glutamatergic signaling in the central amygdala 1.
Key Points to Consider
- Regular or heavy alcohol use can reduce the effectiveness of SSRIs by acting as a central nervous system depressant, which works against the mood-elevating effects of these medications.
- Combining alcohol with SSRIs can increase side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired coordination, potentially leading to dangerous situations.
- Alcohol can disrupt sleep patterns and interfere with the body's ability to metabolize medications properly.
- Healthcare providers typically recommend limiting or avoiding alcohol consumption while taking SSRIs.
Recommendations for Patients and Healthcare Providers
- Patients who find it difficult to abstain from alcohol while on SSRI therapy should discuss this honestly with their healthcare provider to develop an appropriate treatment plan that addresses both mental health needs and alcohol use.
- Healthcare providers should be aware of the potential interactions between SSRIs and alcohol and monitor patients closely for signs of adverse effects or reduced treatment efficacy.
- The use of SSRIs in patients with alcohol use disorder should be carefully considered, and alternative treatment options may be necessary in some cases 2, 3, 4.