From the Research
Capsular distension of the knee refers to the stretching or swelling of the joint capsule surrounding the knee joint, typically occurring due to excess fluid accumulation within the joint space, causing the capsule to expand beyond its normal capacity. The most common causes include synovial fluid overproduction due to inflammation, trauma, or bleeding into the joint. When examining a patient with suspected capsular distention, you may observe visible swelling, limited range of motion, and a feeling of tightness around the knee. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through physical examination and imaging studies such as ultrasound or MRI.
Causes and Symptoms
- The condition occurs because the synovial membrane lining the joint capsule produces excess fluid in response to injury or inflammation, exceeding the joint's normal capacity to reabsorb this fluid 1.
- Symptoms may include pain, limited mobility, and stiffness in the knee joint.
- The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the underlying cause and extent of capsular distension.
Treatment and Management
- Treatment depends on the underlying cause but generally includes rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE protocol), anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen or naproxen (typically 400-600mg three times daily for ibuprofen or 250-500mg twice daily for naproxen), and possibly joint aspiration to remove excess fluid if severe 2.
- Physical therapy may be recommended once acute symptoms subside to improve range of motion and strength.
- In some cases, capsular distension may be used as a therapeutic technique to improve joint mobility and reduce pain, particularly in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis 1, 2.
Prognosis and Outcome
- The prognosis for capsular distension of the knee is generally good, with most patients experiencing significant improvement in symptoms with appropriate treatment.
- However, in some cases, capsular distension can lead to chronic pain, limited mobility, and decreased quality of life if left untreated or undertreated 3.
- Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent long-term complications and improve outcomes.