Differential Diagnosis for Persistent Hunger

• Single Most Likely Diagnosis
  • Diabetes Mellitus: This condition is characterized by the body's inability to regulate blood sugar levels, often leading to increased hunger due to the body's cells not receiving the glucose they need for energy.
• Other Likely Diagnoses
  • Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Episodes of low blood sugar can cause hunger, as the body signals for more glucose intake.
  • Hyperthyroidism: An overactive thyroid gland can increase metabolism, leading to increased hunger.
  • Gastrointestinal Issues (e.g., Gastroparesis): Conditions affecting the stomach's ability to empty can lead to feelings of persistent hunger due to delayed digestion and absorption of nutrients.
  • Medication Side Effects: Certain medications, such as corticosteroids, can increase appetite.
• Do Not Miss Diagnoses
  • Insulinoma: A rare tumor of the pancreas that produces excess insulin, leading to episodes of hypoglycemia and subsequent hunger.
  • Pheochromocytoma: A rare tumor of the adrenal gland that can cause episodes of hypoglycemia among other symptoms, due to the excessive production of catecholamines.
  • Cancer: Certain types of cancer, especially those affecting the pancreas, stomach, or adrenal glands, can cause changes in appetite and hunger.
• Rare Diagnoses
  • Prader-Willi Syndrome: A genetic disorder that affects physical, mental, and behavioral development, and is characterized by a chronic feeling of hunger.
  • Kleine-Levin Syndrome: A rare sleep disorder that can cause episodes of excessive hunger among other symptoms.
  • Leptin Deficiency: A condition where the body does not produce enough leptin, a hormone that helps regulate energy balance and appetite, leading to increased hunger.