Differential Diagnosis for Swelling of the Right Hand

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

• Trauma or injury: The most common cause of unilateral hand swelling is a traumatic injury, such as a sprain, strain, or fracture, which could have occurred to the right hand.

Other Likely Diagnoses

• Infection: Bacterial or fungal infections, such as cellulitis or paronychia, can cause swelling and are more likely to affect one hand.
• Insect bite or sting: An allergic reaction to an insect bite or sting could lead to localized swelling.
• Overuse or repetitive strain: Activities that involve repetitive use of the right hand, such as typing or using a mouse, can lead to swelling due to inflammation of the tendons or ligaments.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

• Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Although less common in the upper extremities, DVT can cause swelling and is a potentially life-threatening condition if not treated promptly.
• Compartment syndrome: Increased pressure within the compartments of the hand can lead to severe pain, swelling, and potentially permanent damage if not addressed urgently.
• Necrotizing fasciitis: A severe bacterial infection that can cause rapid progression of swelling, pain, and skin necrosis, requiring immediate medical attention.

Rare Diagnoses

• Sarcoidosis: A systemic disease that can cause swelling in the hands due to granulomatous inflammation, though it is less common.
• Gout or pseudogout: Deposits of urate or pyrophosphate crystals in the joints can lead to acute inflammatory arthritis, which might cause swelling in one hand.
• Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS): A chronic condition characterized by severe pain, swelling, and changes in skin temperature and color, usually following an injury or trauma.