Differential Diagnosis for Eye Irritation in an 18-Month-Old
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Allergic conjunctivitis: This is a common condition in children, often presenting with itching, redness, and discharge. The age of the child and the presence of eye irritation make this a likely diagnosis, especially if there's a history of allergies or exposure to allergens.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Viral conjunctivitis: This is highly contagious and common in children, characterized by redness, itching, and a watery discharge. It often accompanies a viral upper respiratory infection.
- Blepharitis: Inflammation of the eyelids can cause irritation, redness, and sometimes a sticky discharge. It's common in children and can be associated with poor eyelid hygiene or conditions like eczema.
- Foreign body: Given the age of the child, it's possible for small objects to accidentally enter the eye, causing irritation and discomfort.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Gonococcal conjunctivitis: Although less common, this condition is serious and can lead to blindness if not treated promptly. It's particularly concerning in children and requires immediate medical attention.
- Herpes simplex keratitis: This viral infection can cause severe eye pain, redness, and sensitivity to light. It's crucial to diagnose and treat early to prevent complications.
- Chemical burn: Exposure to chemicals can cause severe eye irritation and potentially lead to long-term vision problems. Immediate flushing of the eye and medical evaluation are necessary.
Rare Diagnoses
- Kawasaki disease: This condition can present with conjunctival injection among other symptoms like fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy. It's rare but important to consider due to its potential for cardiac complications.
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) associated uveitis: This is a rare condition that can cause eye inflammation and irritation. It's associated with JIA and requires prompt treatment to prevent vision loss.